Kidney Failure: integrating primary and tertiary care

Early, effective referral to nephrology services is associated with positive patient outcomes. This case study-based activity will briefly outline medications required to slow progression of CKD. It will delve into when to refer and what comprises an effective referral to nephrology services. Optimal management CKD stage 5 complications will be addressed, along with kidney failure treatment options, particularly dialysis and the shared-decision pathway that can bring focus to this important process.